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Meanwhile, the p assé surcomposé and other so-called "double compound" tenses had bobbed around on the fringes of French usage for at least several centuries one way or another, but with the other tenses fairly well established, there wasn't much call for them.īut as the passé simple began to fall from mainstream usage, a gap opened up in the "B" cases, because the past anterior was strongly associated with use of the passé simple. the difference between SA and SB in the examples above. In classical literary French, where the passé simple was the ordinary narrative tense, the pluperfect essentially covered type A and the past anterior essentially covered type B, but this difference was most strictly adhered to in subordinate clauses, i.e. But French in principle makes a difference between a 'vague' pluperfect (type A) and a 'punctual' pluperfect (type B). Now, in all of these cases, English uses the same "pluperfect" tense. SB: Once/when I had eaten my supper, I went straight to bed. MB: There had just been an accident when Inspector Martin arrived. SA: When(ever) I had eaten too much, I used to go for a walk. Inspector Martin arrived on the scene at 6pm. Examples of the four cases would then be: These are the combinations of (1) whether the pluperfect is in a main (M) vs subordinate (S) clause, and (2) whether or not the pluperfect implies 'vague' completion at some time (A), or a single, well-defined point of completion (B). If you think about cases in English where you use the pluperfect ("had done", "had eaten" etc), you can consider that you have four types of cases in total. Hi Michael - I'll add my 2p to what others have said in case it helps to clarify anything. Well probably the best away to deter any French learners. Le plombier est parti sans avoir eu achevé son travail Sometimes just out of fun, that is to mock elders, I like to say : eût eu /y: y/Īvant qu'elle ait eu protesté, je suis partiĪprès que j'eusse eu fini nous fûmes invitésĪyant eu terminé son travail avant midi, il a pu voir son train ordinaire
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I must confess that this one in my region was still used when I was a littke boy: ça eût eu payé Quand il eut manoeuvré et que la voiture l'eût eu (!!!!) franchie. It was not very used in litterature but here are some exemples just for fun ! The passé surcomposé is the one mainly used among the surcomposé forms:įorms like :il avait eu chanté/il aura eu chanté/ il aurait eu chanté/ qu'il ait eu chanté might not even be recognised by a French native, at least many wouldn't feel at ease to use those forms. So the form consists of 2 auxiliairies and is used to express something that is accomplished or prior to the composé form : Quand Jean a eu labouré son champ, il a déjeuné. In Switzerland you may come across : Il est eu parti instead of Il a été parti In the south of France: mais comment que t'en a eu entendu causer, toi de Méséglise? (Proust) But the form is very rare and may appear as a replacement for the passé simple which tends to disappear in oral speech. As far as I am concerned I would never use this sentence : quand j'ai eu fini le livre although it is accepted but it's more common in certain parts of France and especially in the south west as it is a direct influence from the Lang doc dialect.